Introduction
Every fall, the same question comes up again: should you cover your heat pump during winter? Between snowstorms, ice storms, and freezing gusts, it’s natural to want to protect your investment. However, an ill-suited cover can reduce performance and shorten the system’s lifespan.
This article reviews manufacturer recommendations, the real effects of covering on performance, and best practices for protecting your heat pump during cold months. You’ll also learn how to maintain your outdoor unit to ensure it stays efficient, even in the heart of a Quebec winter.
Key points summary
- Heat pumps are designed to withstand winter weather.
- A full cover blocks airflow and reduces performance.
- At least 60 cm of clearance around the outdoor unit is essential.
- Partial protection, open on the sides, can help in exposed areas.
- Automatic defrost cycles help maintain performance.
- A poor cover can increase electricity consumption.
- Preventive winter maintenance is preferable to physical covering.
- Daikin Québec technicians recommend prioritizing ventilation above all.
Understanding the heat pump’s role in winter
Before thinking about covering it, it helps to understand how a heat pump operates during the cold season. Unlike a basic air conditioner, it does not shut down in winter: it continues to capture heat from outdoor air, even when temperatures are below zero.
That means the outdoor unit must be able to “breathe” freely. If it is covered, blocked by snow, or enclosed in a shelter that’s too tight, airflow becomes insufficient. This forces the system to work harder, reducing efficiency and increasing electricity use.
Manufacturers design their units to handle Canadian winter conditions: durable coatings, anti-corrosion fins, automatic defrost, and drainage to manage condensation water. In other words, a properly installed heat pump does not need to be fully covered, even during storms.
A design built for northern climates
Modern outdoor units are built to stay outside year-round. The compressor and electronic components are sealed and protected against moisture. In addition, automatic defrost cycles prevent ice buildup on the coils.
As a result, fully covering a heat pump often works against its design. Instead of protecting it, you may trap moisture, block ventilation, and damage internal components.
Manufacturer recommendations and best practices
Most major heat pump manufacturers, including Daikin, agree on one simple rule: never fully cover the outdoor unit.
Their maintenance guides specify that units are designed to:
- Withstand freezing temperatures, snow, rain, and dust.
- Defrost automatically during operation.
- Naturally drain melted water through an integrated drain.
Why full covers cause problems
Tight, sealed covers prevent the airflow a heat pump needs. Moisture then builds up under the cover, increasing the risk of corrosion, mould, and freezing of electrical components. In addition, heat produced during defrost cycles can become trapped, disrupting normal operation.
Partial protection options
Some protection can still be useful, especially in very windy areas or when the heat pump sits under a sloped roof where snow and ice drop directly onto the unit.
In these cases, it’s best to choose:
- A lightweight roof that’s open on the sides: it protects against falling ice without restricting ventilation.
- A manufacturer-approved cover designed to allow air to circulate freely.
Protection comparison table
| Type of protection | Advantages | Disadvantages |
| Manufacturer-approved shelter | Protects from snow and ice, optimal ventilation | Moderate cost, fixed installation required |
| Improvised cover (tarp or plastic) | Temporary barrier against snow | Risk of condensation and overheating, warranty may be voided |
| Roof open on the sides | Good ventilation, protection from falling ice | Aesthetics vary, requires solid anchoring |
| No cover | Natural operation and effective defrosting | Snow buildup is possible if the location is poorly chosen |
Impact on performance and defrosting
A heat pump operates in cycles: when frost builds up, it temporarily reverses operation to melt ice off the coil. This process is normal and built into the system. However, if air can’t circulate freely, the unit must enter defrost mode more often, which reduces performance and increases energy use. A poorly designed cover can therefore cost more over time.
Defrost frequency by outdoor temperature
| Outdoor temperature | Average defrost cycle frequency | Estimated performance |
| -5 °C to -10 °C | Every 90 minutes | Stable |
| -15 °C to -20 °C | Every 45–60 minutes | Slight decrease |
| -25 °C and below | More frequent, depending on humidity | Reduced performance, but stable if kept clear |
| Full cover | Defrosting hindered | Risk of shutdown and overconsumption |
Even a simple layer of snow can interfere with sensors and disrupt defrost cycles. That’s why it’s important to check the unit regularly and keep the area around it clear.
Winter maintenance and ventilation
A well-maintained heat pump does not need a cover: regular upkeep is enough to extend its lifespan.
Practical winter steps
- Clear snow and frost around the unit, especially after storms.
- Do not scrape the coils with a metal object; use lukewarm water if needed.
- Clean indoor filters monthly to maintain proper airflow.
- Check defrosting: a normal change in sound indicates the cycle has started.
- Make sure the condensation drain is not blocked by ice.
These simple steps prevent most winter issues. In addition, annual service by a qualified technician helps check refrigerant pressure, electrical connections, and sensor calibration. This follow-up supports original performance and keeps the warranty valid.
Practical tips and safety
A heat pump should never be seen as fragile: it is built to operate in extreme conditions. Still, a few precautions help keep it efficient year-round:
- Never fully cover the outdoor unit.
- Install a partial windbreak if the unit is exposed to direct gusts.
- Remove snow buildup on top without applying excessive pressure.
- Maintain a minimum clearance of 60 cm around and above the unit.
- Do not cut power unless the manufacturer specifically recommends it.
These best practices help prevent breakdowns, electrical overload, and premature corrosion.
For homeowners who want total peace of mind, Daikin Québec experts offer winter inspection services that include checking defrost operation and energy performance based on local weather conditions.
Summary table: winter best practices
| Action | Recommended frequency | Main benefit |
| Check the unit after a storm | After each significant accumulation | Prevent coil blockage |
| Clean indoor filters | Once a month | Maintain optimal airflow |
| Clear the perimeter around the heat pump | Weekly | Ensure consistent ventilation |
| Professional inspection | Once per year | Maintain warranty and performance |
| Check anti-vibration mounts | At the start and end of winter | Reduce noise and vibration |
Conclusion
Covering your heat pump in winter is rarely a good idea. Modern units are built to handle Quebec’s cold without extra protection. What they need is proper ventilation, regular snow clearance, and preventive maintenance.
By following these tips, your system will stay efficient even during the harshest winters. For personalized recommendations or a complete winter inspection, Daikin Québec specialists can help you optimize both performance and durability.
Frequently Asked Questions About Covering a Heat Pump
Should you cover a heat pump in winter?
No. Outdoor units are designed to operate uncovered. A full cover blocks airflow and increases the risk of trapped internal moisture.
Can you build a shelter to protect it?
Yes, but only if the heat pump is exposed to direct snow or ice falling onto it. In that case, a lightweight roof that is open on the sides is enough. The goal is to protect the top while leaving the sides free.
How should you remove snow or ice from the unit?
Gently remove snow by hand or with a soft brush. If ice forms, pour lukewarm water to melt it without damaging the fins.
Why is cleaning indoor filters important?
A clogged filter restricts airflow, reduces efficiency, and forces the system to use more energy. Clean them monthly, even in winter.
Should you turn off the heat pump during extreme cold?
No, unless the manufacturer recommends it. Modern heat pumps continue to operate efficiently at very low temperatures thanks to automatic defrost cycles.
When should you call a professional?
If you notice unusual ice buildup, abnormal noises, or reduced performance, call a technician. A quick diagnosis helps prevent more costly repairs.
