Introduction
The choice of refrigerant plays a central role in the performance, durability, and energy efficiency of an air conditioner or heat pump. For a long time, R-410A dominated the market, but a new generation refrigerant, R-32, is now establishing itself as the reference solution.
For Quebec homeowners, this choice is not limited to a technical consideration: it influences day-to-day comfort, energy consumption, and even the household’s environmental footprint.
This article explains the differences between R-32 and R-410A, their respective advantages, and the reasons why more and more manufacturers, including Daikin Québec, are now prioritizing R-32 in their most recent systems.
Key points summary
- R-410A is a stable refrigerant that has long been used in residential systems.
- R-32 represents a major evolution: more efficient, more environmentally friendly, and easier to recycle.
- R-32’s global warming potential (GWP) is three times lower than R-410A’s.
- R-32 delivers better energy efficiency, especially for cooling and heating.
- Daikin systems designed for R-32 maintain optimal performance even in winter.
- R-410A remains reliable, but its use is declining due to environmental standards.
- R-32 requires less refrigerant for the same cooling capacity.
- Installation must always be done by a certified technician to preserve safety and the warranty.
Understanding the role of refrigerant in an air conditioning system
Refrigerant is at the heart of how a heat pump or air conditioner works. As it circulates between the indoor and outdoor units, it absorbs heat on one side and releases it on the other. A good refrigerant must therefore meet three essential conditions:
- Provide excellent heat transfer for stable performance.
- Use little energy to reduce the electricity bill.
- Comply with current environmental standards.
In a climate like Quebec’s, where temperatures can range from -25 °C to +30 °C, the choice of refrigerant directly affects the unit’s durability and the quality of indoor comfort.
R-410A: the historical benchmark for residential systems
R-410A has long been the most widely used refrigerant in residential heating and cooling systems. It replaced R-22, a more polluting gas, starting in the 2000s.
Why R-410A dominated the market
- High thermal stability: it operates efficiently across a wide range of temperatures.
- Optimized pressure: its characteristics made it possible to design more compact and higher-performing equipment.
- No damage to the ozone layer: unlike R-22, it contains no chlorine.
These advantages made R-410A a reliable solution for millions of homes. However, its global warming potential (GWP) of 2088 is now considered too high under recent environmental standards.
Manufacturers and authorities are therefore encouraging a transition to lower-impact refrigerants, such as R-32.
R-32: a new generation of performance
R-32 is now considered the reference solution for modern air conditioning systems. It is a pure (non-blended) refrigerant that stands out for improved energy efficiency and a significantly reduced environmental impact.
The main advantages of R-32
- Superior energy efficiency: R-32 transfers heat more efficiently, allowing the unit to deliver the same cooling capacity with less electricity.
- Reduced environmental impact: Its GWP is 675, nearly three times lower than R-410A’s. This makes it a durable solution aligned with greenhouse gas reduction commitments.
- Simplified use and safer recycling: Because it is a pure refrigerant, it is easier to recover and recycle at end of life.
- Less refrigerant required: On average, an R-32 unit requires 20 to 30% less refrigerant than R-410A for the same performance.
These advantages make R-32 a preferred choice for new installations, especially in northern regions like Quebec, where energy efficiency is critical.
Comparison table: R-32 vs R-410A
| Criterion | R-410A | R-32 |
| Composition | Blend (R-32 + R-125) | Pure (100% R-32) |
| Global warming potential (GWP) | 2088 | 675 |
| Energy efficiency | Good | Excellent (+10 to +15%) |
| Required quantity | Standard | 20 to 30% less |
| Recyclability | Difficult (blend) | Simple (pure refrigerant) |
| Operating pressure | Moderate to high | Slightly higher |
| Flammability | None (A1) | Low (A2L, safe if properly installed) |
| Cold-climate compatibility | Good | Very good |
| Compliance with environmental standards | Declining | Fully compliant |
R-32 and energy performance in Quebec
Equipment using R-32 is designed to operate efficiently even when outdoor temperatures drop below zero. Thanks to its high thermal conductivity, R-32 delivers consistent performance, making it especially well suited to Quebec winters.
In addition, Daikin heat pumps operating on R-32 benefit from optimized defrost cycles and inverter modulation, which automatically adjusts output to actual demand. This results in stable indoor temperatures and measurable energy savings throughout the year.
R-32: a choice aligned with the ecological transition
Beyond its technical performance, R-32 fits within a sustainable approach. Canadian and international regulations are aiming to gradually reduce hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) with high global warming potential. By adopting R-32, manufacturers are anticipating these requirements while improving system energy efficiency. For homeowners, this means a unit that is:
- more energy efficient,
- compatible with future standards,
- and environmentally sustainable.
This evolution is in line with international agreements such as the Kigali Amendment, which guides the reduction of fluorinated gas emissions.
Safety and maintenance of R-32 systems
Although R-32 is slightly flammable (A2L classification), it remains safe when used in equipment designed for this refrigerant.
Modern units are equipped with sensors, sealed circuits, and certified components to ensure risk-free operation.
Maintenance best practices
- Have maintenance performed by a certified technician: R-32 requires specific tools and know-how for handling A2L refrigerants.
- Check circuit tightness to prevent any refrigerant leaks.
- Clean filters regularly to maintain optimal airflow.
- Avoid any modification to the refrigeration circuit without the manufacturer’s approval.
Regular maintenance not only extends the unit’s lifespan, but also helps maintain its original energy performance.
Environmental comparison: R-32 and R-410A
| Environmental factor | R-410A | R-32 |
| Global warming potential (GWP) | 2088 | 675 |
| Amount of refrigerant required | Higher | Reduced |
| Indirect emissions (linked to energy consumption) | Higher | Lower |
| Recyclability | Complex (blend) | Simple |
| Compliance with future regulations | Declining | Compliant and durable |
Moving to R-32 therefore makes it possible to measurably reduce the carbon footprint of a residential air conditioning system. This transition, already well underway in Europe and Japan, is accelerating in Canada as new standards come into effect.
Daikin Québec expertise and the transition to R-32
As a leader in heating and cooling, Daikin Québec was among the first to adopt R-32 in its residential products.
This strategic direction is built on three pillars:
- Technological innovation: developing high-efficiency equipment specifically adapted to Quebec’s climate.
- Environmental responsibility: reducing the carbon footprint through cleaner, recyclable refrigerants.
- Customer support: installation, maintenance, and personalized advice from technicians trained to the latest standards.
Thanks to these initiatives, Quebec households benefit from systems that are high-performing, durable, and aligned with industry best practices.
Conclusion
The choice between R-32 and R-410A mainly depends on your priorities: efficiency, durability, and environmental impact. R-410A remains a reliable refrigerant, but R-32 is now becoming the best option for modern systems. More energy efficient, easier to maintain, and better adapted to Quebec conditions, it represents the future of residential heating and cooling solutions.
To get personalized advice and choose the system best suited to your home, Daikin Québec specialists can support you through this transition toward lasting, efficient comfort that is also environmentally responsible.
Frequently Asked Questions About R-32 and R-410A
Will R-410A be banned soon?
Not immediately, but its production and use are gradually decreasing because of its high environmental impact. R-32 is replacing it in most new systems.
Is R-32 safe in a home?
Yes. Although it is slightly flammable, equipment designed for this refrigerant includes several safety devices and meets strict standards. When installed by a professional, there is no risk to occupants.
Can R-410A be replaced with R-32 in an older system?
No. The two refrigerants are not interchangeable. R-32 must only be used in systems specifically designed for it.
Does R-32 use less energy?
Yes. Thanks to its superior thermal efficiency, it can reduce electricity consumption while maintaining the same level of comfort.
Does R-32 require special maintenance?
No, but maintenance must be performed by a certified technician who is accustomed to handling A2L refrigerants. The procedures remain similar to those for standard systems.
Why does Daikin prioritize R-32?
Because it combines efficiency, safety, and environmental responsibility. This approach meets the energy demands of Quebec’s climate while reducing environmental impact.
