Introduction
The choice of refrigerant directly influences the efficiency, safety, and environmental footprint of a heat pump or air conditioner. In Quebec, where HVAC systems operate intensively in both winter and summer, R32 is now becoming the standard in many newer units.
This guide explains what R32 is, why it is progressively replacing older fluids, and what homeowners should know in terms of performance, safety, and compliance. The goal is to provide clear, verified, and useful information to compare equipment and make an informed decision.
Key points summary
- R32 is an HFC refrigerant classified as A2L (low toxicity, limited flammability).
- Its global warming potential (GWP) is about 675, which is roughly three times lower than R410A (~2088).
- It is gradually replacing high-GWP refrigerants in modern heating and cooling systems.
- R32 must not be used in a unit designed for R410A or R22 unless the manufacturer expressly authorizes it.
- The Canadian CSA B52 code (2023 edition) governs its use and installation conditions.
- When properly installed, R32 delivers excellent seasonal efficiency and consistent reliability.
- Proper ventilation and A2L-compatible tools ensure safe handling.
- Systems designed for R32 reduce environmental impact while maintaining performance.
What is R32?
R32, or difluoromethane, is a single-component refrigerant belonging to the HFC family. Used in most next-generation residential heat pumps and air conditioners, it stands out for its higher energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact.
Its high cooling capacity makes it possible to achieve better overall efficiency and reduce the amount of refrigerant required. In addition, R32 contains no chlorine, so its ozone depletion potential (ODP) is zero.
These characteristics make it a durable solution for the gradual replacement of older fluids such as R410A or R22.
R32 and Quebec’s climate
R32 maintains good thermodynamic properties in cold conditions. Systems specifically designed for this refrigerant, such as several models offered by Daikin Québec, continue to provide efficient heating even as outdoor temperatures drop.
Manufacturers have optimized compressors and heat exchangers so that R32 units achieve high seasonal efficiency while reducing energy consumption. Because it responds quickly, the refrigerant contributes to better indoor temperature stability, an important advantage in Quebec’s climate where temperature swings are common.
This combination of efficiency and reliability makes R32 a durable choice for homeowners looking for a high-performing, energy-efficient system.
Regulatory framework in Canada
North American authorities have implemented a gradual transition toward low-GWP refrigerants. Starting in 2025, most new air conditioners and heat pumps imported into Canada will be designed to use refrigerants with a GWP generally below 700, such as R32 or R454B.
The Canadian CSA B52 code (2023) now governs the installation and maintenance of A2L refrigerants. It specifies requirements for ventilation, maximum charge, training, and safety equipment. These rules ensure compliant and safe use for both occupants and technicians.
In practice:
- Only trained professionals can handle R32.
- Installations must meet the prescribed ventilation and clearance conditions.
- Tools used (gauges, leak detectors, hoses) must be certified for A2L refrigerants.
For homeowners, this regulation is a sign of quality, safety, and reliability.
Refrigerant comparison
| Refrigerant | Type | GWP (approx.) | ODP | Typical use |
| R22 | HCFC | 1810 | ≈ 0.05 | Older systems (obsolete) |
| R410A | HFC (blend) | 2088 | 0 | Units from the 2000s–2020 |
| R32 | HFC (single-component) | ~675 | 0 | Next-generation systems |
This comparison highlights the trend toward more environmentally friendly refrigerants without compromising performance. Compared to R410A, R32 reduces CO₂-equivalent emissions by about 70% while offering similar efficiency, making it a key step in modernizing residential systems.
Performance and efficiency
A system’s performance depends as much on the refrigerant as on the unit design. Models using R32 are optimized to take advantage of its thermodynamic properties:
- high volumetric capacity, allowing the amount of refrigerant needed to be reduced;
- more efficient heat transfer, reducing the load on the compressor;
- moderate operating pressure, which improves reliability.
These advantages contribute to better seasonal energy efficiency and an extended lifespan for key components, especially in variable-speed (inverter) units used by Daikin.
However, real-world performance also depends on compliant installation, proper sizing, and regular maintenance.
R32 and energy savings
The refrigerant itself does not directly save electricity: it is the systems designed to use it that fully benefit. In modern R32 units, the combination of an inverter compressor, precise electronic controls, and an optimized heat exchanger enables lower consumption and stable comfort.
By reducing mechanical strain on the compressor, R32 supports consistent efficiency and less wear, contributing to long-term equipment durability.
Safety and best practices
R32 is classified as A2L: low toxicity, limited flammability. When used in a system designed for this refrigerant and installed by a professional, it does not present any particular risk.
Installation best practices
- Use only A2L-compatible tools.
- Ensure adequate ventilation during work.
- Check circuit tightness before commissioning.
- Respect the charge limits specified by the manufacturer.
- Entrust installation to a qualified technician trained to the CSA B52 code.
A compliant installation protects occupant safety, optimizes energy performance, and preserves the manufacturer’s warranty.
Daikin Québec technicians have the certification and equipment required to ensure compliance for this type of installation.
Maintenance and durability
Regular maintenance is essential to preserve the performance of R32 systems:
- Replace air filters according to the recommended schedule.
- Clean heat exchangers and keep outdoor units clear.
- Check pressures and refrigerant charge during seasonal inspections.
- Plan professional maintenance at least once a year.
These steps maintain optimal efficiency and prevent performance losses caused by buildup or micro-leaks. Regular maintenance also extends compressor life and reduces the risk of failure.
For equipment used year-round, one service visit in spring and another in fall is recommended, especially in Quebec regions with harsh winters.
Summary table – advantages of R32
| Advantage | Description |
| Energy efficiency | Better performance with a reduced refrigerant charge |
| Reduced environmental impact | GWP about 70% lower than R410A |
| Stable comfort | Maintains heating capacity at low temperatures (depending on design) |
| Safety | Low flammability; A2L classification |
| System durability | Less strain on the compressor and improved thermal stability |
| Regulatory compliance | Meets new Canadian requirements (2025 transition) |
Conclusion
R32 marks an important evolution in modern heat pump and air conditioner technology. It combines efficiency, safety, and environmental compliance, while meeting the needs of Quebec’s climate.
For homeowners looking to reduce their carbon footprint while maintaining optimal comfort, a system designed for R32 is a high-performing and responsible solution.
Daikin Québec experts can advise you on the models best suited to your home, based on your needs, your property’s layout, and current standards.
Frequently Asked Questions About R32
Is R32 safe in a home?
Yes. When used in equipment designed for this refrigerant and installed to code, R32 is safe. Its A2L classification indicates very limited flammability, and residential systems contain small volumes.
Why is R32 replacing R410A?
Because it delivers better energy efficiency and a GWP about three times lower. It enables the design of more efficient, more environmentally responsible equipment.
Can an older R410A system be converted to R32?
No. Older systems are not compatible because their pressures, components, and lubricants differ.
Does R32 use less electricity?
Systems designed for R32 are generally more efficient, which can reduce consumption. However, the savings also depend on installation quality and maintenance.
Does an R32 system require special maintenance?
No, but it must be performed by a technician trained on A2L refrigerants. Standard maintenance steps (filter cleaning, circuit checks) remain essential.
Is R32 a good choice for Quebec’s climate?
Yes. Systems designed for this refrigerant maintain good heating performance in cold weather while delivering energy efficiency suited to Quebec conditions.
